Pharmaceutical Raw Materials

Daptomycin is a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic extracted from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces (S. reesosporus). It was discovered by Eli Lilly in the 1980s and successfully developed by Cubist pharmaceutical company in 1997. It not only has a novel chemical structure, but also can be used in the production of daptomycin, Moreover, its mode of action is different from any approved antibiotic: it can disrupt the transport of amino acids in the cell membrane, thus hindering the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall, changing the properties of the cell plasma membrane, destroying the function of the bacterial cell membrane in many aspects, and rapidly killing Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to acting on most clinical related Gram-positive bacteria, daptomycin is more important for its strong activity in vitro against isolated strains with resistance to methicillin, vancomycin and linezolid, which is of great clinical significance for critically ill patients with infection.

It is used to test sugars and alkaloids in clinical tests. Manufacturing bismuth salt and ceramic glaze. Medically, it is a medicine for neutralizing gastric acid and astringent. It is used for gastric and duodenal ulcer and diarrhea

Tacrolimus is a macrolide drug isolated from Streptomyces, which has strong immunosuppressive effect. Tacrolimus can specifically bind and inhibit calmodulin phosphatase activity, inhibit IL-2 signal transcription, thus inhibit T cell activation and TNF- α、 IL-1 β And IL-6 production and T cell dependent B cell proliferation. Compared with cyclosporine, another calmodulin phosphatase inhibitor, tacrolimus has stronger inhibitory effect on T cell activation and less adverse reactions.

Adefovir is a acyclic nucleoside analogue of adenosine monophosphate. It is a new type of anti HBV drug. It is used in the form of the former drug A Duff Vee ester, and belongs to adenine nucleoside. Under the action of cell kinase, Adefovir is phosphorylated to an active metabolite, namely adefovir diphosphate. Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) in two ways. One is that it competes with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine triphosphate, and the other is that it causes DNA strand elongation and termination after integration into virus DNA. Therefore, Adefovir is mainly used for the treatment of adult chronic hepatitis B patients with evidence of active replication of hepatitis B virus, continuous increase of serum amino acid transferase (ATL or AST), or liver tissue active lesions with liver function compensation.

Perindopril is an inhibitor of an enzyme (angiotensin converting enzyme) that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This kind of invertase or kinase is a kind of peptidolytic enzyme. It can convert angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which is used to constrict blood vessels. It can also degrade bradykinin, which is used to dilate blood vessels, into inactive heptapeptide. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme results in a decrease of angiotensin II in plasma, which leads to an increase in plasma renin activity (by inhibiting the negative feedback of renin release) and a decrease in aldosterone secretion. Because angiotensin-converting enzyme inactivates bradykinin, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme can also increase the activity of circulating and local kallikrein kinin system (and thus prostaglandin system). This mechanism may be related to the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on lowering blood pressure, and may also be related to some side effects (such as cough). Perindopril acts through its active metabolite perindoprila.