Antipyretic Analgesics

Naproxen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a PG synthetase inhibitor and can inhibit prostate synthetase. It has significant analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is absorbed completely and rapidly by oral administration. The plasma concentration reaches the peak 2-4 hours after a single administration. More than 99% of naproxen is bound to plasma protein in the blood. The T1 / 2 ratio is 13-14 hours. About 95% of naproxen is excreted in the urine as its original form and metabolites. Clinically, it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, arthritis and tenosynovitis. It can also be used to relieve the pain caused by musculoskeletal sprain, contusion, injury and dysmenorrhea. However, it should be noted that, like other NSAIDs, severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions may occur at any time during naproxen treatment. Therefore, patients with active gastroduodenal ulcer should not use naproxen. Patients with other gastrointestinal diseases should take naproxen under strict medical supervision.

Used as antipyretic and analgesic

Isopropylaminopyrine is a pyrazole derivative as a non steroidal anti-inflammatory reagent. Isopropylaminopyrine has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Codeine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.

Nabumetone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), the only 1-naphthaleneacetic acid derivative. Nabumetone has been developed by Beecham. It is available under numerous brand names, such as Relafen, Relifex, and Gambaran. Nabumetone is a nonacidic NSAID that is rapidly metabolized in the liver to a major active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl acetic acid. As found with previous NSAIDs, nabumetone's active metabolite inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme and preferentially blocks COX-2 activity (which is indirectly responsible for the production of inflammation and pain during arthritis). The active metabolite of nabumetone is felt to be the compound primarily responsible for therapeutic effect. Comparatively, the parent drug is a poor inhibitor of COX-2 byproducts, particularly prostaglandins. It may be less nephrotoxic than indomethacin. Nabumetone has little effect on renal prostaglandin secretion and less of an association with heart failure than other traditional drugs of the class. Effects of nabumetone on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients on ACE inhibitors is also good—equivalent to paracetamol. As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is 25 to 50 USD.