Pharmaceutical Raw Materials

Tipepidine is a synthetic, non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. It acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs). The drug was discovered in the 1950s, and was developed in Japan in 1959. It is used as the hibenzate and citrate salts. The usual dose is 20mg every 4–6 hours. Possible side effects of tipepidine, especially in overdose, may include drowsiness, vertigo, delirium, disorientation, loss of consciousness, and confusion. Tipepidine has recently garnered interest as a potential psychiatric drug. It is being investigated in depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Through inhibition of GIRK channels, tipepidine increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, but without increasing locomotor activity or producing methamphetamine-like behavioral sensitization, and this action appears to be at least partly responsible for its antidepressant-like effects in rodents.

Cefroxadine is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefroxadine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Carteolol is a quinolone and a secondary alcohol. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an antihypertensive agent, an antiglaucoma drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug and a sympatholytic agent. It is a conjugate base of a carteolol(1+).

Evodiamine has the effects of strengthening stomach, relieving pain, stopping retching and belching; It has diuretic effect; It has strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli; It has significant insecticidal effect on Ascaris suum; Also has the Contraction Uterus and the pressor function. It also has a certain effect on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and stroke.

Podophyllotoxin, also known as podafillo, is a non alkaloid lignan toxin. It is extracted from the rhizome of podophyllum. The trade names of its ethanol solution and ointment are kangdinglai and huawart enemy respectively. It can be used as external medicine to treat condyloma acuminatum caused by human papillomavirus. Podophyllotoxin and its synthetic derivatives such as etoposide and tiniposide show a wide choice in medical applications such as antiviral and antitumor agents. Its anticancer activity has been studied to a large extent and used in the chemotherapy of lung cancer, lymphoma and reproductive tumors.