Organic Chemical Materials

TATB, triaminotrinitrobenzene or 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5- trinitrobenzene is an aromatic explosive, based on the basic six-carbon benzene ring structure with three nitro functional groups (NO2) and three amine (NH2) groups attached, alternating around the ring. TATB is a powerful explosive (somewhat less powerful than RDX, but more than TNT), but it is extremely insensitive to shock, vibration, fire, or impact. Because it is so difficult to detonate by accident, even under severe conditions, it has become preferred for applications where extreme safety is required, such as the explosives used in nuclear weapons, where accidental detonation during an airplane crash or rocket misfiring would present extreme dangers. All British nuclear warheads, except those where weight is a factor, are believed to use TATB-based explosives for main explosive charges. According to David Albright, South Africa's nuclear weapons used TATB to increase their safety. TATB is normally used as the explosive ingredient in plastic bonded explosive compositions, such as PBX-9502, LX-17-0, and PBX-9503 (with 15% HMX). These formulations are described as Insensitive High Explosives or IHE in nuclear weapons literature. Though it could theoretically be mixed with other explosive compounds in castable mixtures or other use forms, the applications for such forms would be unclear since they would largely undo the insensitivity of pure TATB. TATB's chemical structure is somewhat similar to the powerful experimental insensitive high explosive FOX-7.

Benzoate is the simplest member of the class of benzoates that is the conjugate base of benzoic acid, comprising a benzoic acid core with a proton missing to give a charge of -1. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a benzoic acid.

4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) is an azodicarbonyl compound. PTAD is one of the strongest dienophiles and reacts rapidly with dienes in Diels-Alder reactions. The most prominent use of PTAD was the first successful synthesis of prismane in 1973.